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Gilbert N. Ling (b. Dec 26 1919, Nanking, China; US citizen) is a cell physiologist, biochemist and scientific investigator. In 1944 Ling won the biology slot of the sixth Boxer Indemnity Scholarship, a nationwide competitive examination that allowed Chinese science and engineering students full scholarship to study in a United States university. In 1947 he co-developed the Gerard-Graham-Ling microelectrode, a device that allows scientists to more accurately measure the electrical potentials of living cells. In 1962〔 he introduced the Association induction hypothesis (see below), which claims to be unifying, general theory of the living cell, and is an alternative and controversial hypothesis to the membrane and stead-state membrane pump theories, and three years later added the of cell water which contributed to the development of MRI Cancer Imaging (see polarized-oriented multilayer theory below). Ling, during 50 years of research from 1946, has carried out numerous scientific experiments that attempt to disprove the accepted view of the cell as a membrane containing a number of pumps such as the sodium potassium pump and the calcium pump and channels that engage in active transport. == Early life and education == Ling was born December 26, 1919, in Nanking, China. He grew up in Beijing and entered the National Central University (Nanking University) in Chungking as a student of animal husbandry. After two years, he transferred to the biology department and received a Biology B.Sc. degree, minoring in physics and chemistry in 1943. In 1944, having done graduate work in Biochemistry at the National Southwestern Associated University (National Tsing Hua University) in Kunming, Ling won the sixth Boxer Indemnity Scholarship. In early 1946 he began his graduate study in the Department of Physiology at the University of Chicago under Professor Ralph W. Gerard. In 1948 he completed his Ph.D on the effects of metabolism, temperature and other factors on the membrane potential of single frog muscle fibers which was published in Dec 1949 in a series of 4 papers in the Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, Volume 34, Issue 3. He spent two more years under Prof. Gerard as a Seymour Coman Postdoctoral Fellow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gilbert Ling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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